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Association Between COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects and Long-Term Neutralizing Antibody Response
abstract
This abstract is available on the publisher's site.
Access this abstract nowBACKGROUND
Concern about side effects is a common reason for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether short-term side effects of SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination are associated with subsequent neutralizing antibody (nAB) response.
DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.
SETTING
San Francisco Bay Area.
PARTICIPANTS
Adults who had not been vaccinated against or exposed to SARS-CoV-2, who then received 2 doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273.
MEASUREMENTS
Serum nAB titer at 1 month and 6 months after the second vaccine dose. Daily symptom surveys and objective biometric measurements at each dose.
RESULTS
363 participants were included in symptom-related analyses (65.6% female; mean age, 52.4 years [SD, 11.9]), and 147 were included in biometric-related analyses (66.0% female; mean age, 58.8 years [SD, 5.3]). Chills, tiredness, feeling unwell, and headache after the second dose were each associated with 1.4 to 1.6 fold higher nAB at 1 and 6 months after vaccination. Symptom count and vaccination-induced change in skin temperature and heart rate were all positively associated with nAB across both follow-up time points. Each 1 °C increase in skin temperature after dose 2 was associated with 1.8 fold higher nAB 1 month later and 3.1 fold higher nAB 6 months later.
LIMITATIONS
The study was conducted in 2021 in people receiving the primary vaccine series, making generalizability to people with prior SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or exposure unclear. Whether the observed associations would also apply for neutralizing activity against non-ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains is also unknown.
CONCLUSION
Convergent self-report and objective biometric findings indicate that short-term systemic side effects of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination are associated with greater long-lasting nAB responses. This may be relevant in addressing negative attitudes toward vaccine side effects, which are a barrier to vaccine uptake.
Additional Info
Disclosure statements are available on the authors' profiles:
COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects and Long-Term Neutralizing Antibody Response : A Prospective Cohort Study
Ann. Intern. Med 2024 Jun 11;[EPub Ahead of Print], EG Dutcher, ES Epel, AE Mason, FM Hecht, JE Robinson, SS Drury, AA PratherFrom MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.