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Published in Dermatology

Expert Opinion / Commentary · June 30, 2014

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Melanoma: Are We Sufficiently Informed to Obtain an “Informed” Consent?

John Zitelli MD
Mac Machan MD
Written by
Mac Machan MD

 

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Additional Info

  1. Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of biomedical ethics. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1989.

  2. Stoff BK, Cruze D, Swerlick RA. Reframing risk part I: Legal and ethical standards for medical risk disclosure. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(4):634-636.

  3. Hartlaub PP, Wolkenstein AS, Laufenburg HF. Obtaining informed consent: it is not simply asking "do you understand?". J Fam Pract. 1993;36(4):383-384.

  4. Shaw D, Elger B. Evidence-based persuasion: an ethical imperative. JAMA. 2013;309(16):1689-1690.
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  8. Colloby PS, West KP, Fletcher A. Observer variation in the measurement of Breslow depth and Clark's level in thin cutaneous malignant melanoma. J Path. 1991;163(3):245-250.

  9. Murali R, Hughes MT, Fitzgerald P, et al. Interobserver variation in the histopathologic reporting of key prognostic parameters, particularly clark level, affects pathologic staging of primary cutaneous melanoma. Ann Surg. 2009;249(4):641-647.
  10. Freeman SR, Gibbs BB, Brodland DG, et al. Prognostic value of sentinel lymph node biopsy compared with that of Breslow thickness: implications for informed consent in patients with invasive melanoma. Dermatol Surg. 2013;39(12):1800-1812.
  11. Rhodes AR. Prognostic usefulness of sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients who have clinically node negative, localized, primary invasive cutaneous melanoma: a Bayesian analysis using informative published reports. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147(4):408-415.
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  13. Han D, Zager JS, Shyr Y, et al. Clinicopathologic predictors of sentinel lymph node metastasis in thin melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(35):4387-4393.
  14. Coit DG, Andtbacka R, Anker CJ, et al. Melanoma, version 2.2013: featured updates to the NCCN guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2013;11(4):395-407.
  15. Warycha MA, Zakrzewski J, Ni Q, et al. Meta-analysis of sentinel lymph node positivity in thin melanoma (<or=1 mm). Cancer. 2009;115(4):869-879.
  16. Coldiron BM, Fischoff RM. American Academy of Dermatology Choosing Wisely List: helping dermatologists and their patients make smart decisions about their care and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(6):1002.
  17. Thomas JM. Prognostic false-positivity of the sentinel node in melanoma. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2008;5(1):18-23.
  18. Morton DL, Wen DR, Wong JH, et al. Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma. Arch Surg. 1992;127(4):392-399.
  19. Gershenwald JE, Colome MI, Lee JE, et al. Patterns of recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 patients with stage I or II melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16(6):2253-2260.
  20. Cigna E, Gradilone A, Ribuffo D, et al. Morbidity of selective lymph node biopsy for melanoma: meta-analysis of complications. Tumori. 2012;98(1):94-98.
  21. Eggermont AM, Testori A, Marsden J, et al. Utility of adjuvant systemic therapy in melanoma. Ann Oncol. 2009;20 Suppl 6:vi30-vi34.
  22. Kirkwood JM, Manola J, Ibrahim J, et al. A pooled analysis of eastern cooperative oncology group and intergroup trials of adjuvant high-dose interferon for melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(5):1670-1677.
  23. Yang JC, Sherry RM, Rosburgh SA. Melanoma: Why is sentinel lymph node biopsy the 'standard of care' for melanoma? Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2014;11(5):245-246.

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